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Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Quick Overview

The ADOS provides accurate assessment and diagnosis of autism and pervasive development disorder across ages, developmental levels and language skills.

Product Description

The ADOS consists of four modules each requiring 35 to 40 minutes to administer. The individual being evaluated is given just one module depending on his or her expressive language level and chronological age. Module 1 is used with children who do not consistently use phrase speech. Module 2 is used with those who use phrase speech but are not verbally fluent. Module 3 is used with fluent children and Module 4 is used with fluent adults. The one group that ADOS does not address is non-verbal adolescents and adults.

Modules 1 and 2 require the test user and the child to move around the room. Modules 3 and 4, both of which involve more conversation, can be administered at a table. Activities included in each module are listed below:

MODULE 1: for children who do not consistently use phrase speech.

  • Free Play
  • Response to name
  • Response to joint attention
  • Bubble play
  • Anticipation of a routine with objects
  • Responsive social smile
  • Functional and symbolic imitation
  • Birthday party
  • Snack

MODULE 2: for those who use phrase speech but who are not verbally fluent.

  • Construction task
  • Make-believe play
  • Joint interactive play
  • Conversation
  • Response to joint attention
  • Demonstration task
  • Description of picture
  • Looking at a book
  • Free play
  • Response to name
  • Birthday party
  • Snack
  • Anticipation of a routine with objects
  • Bubble play

MODULE 3: for verbally fluent children

  • Construction task
  • Make-believe play
  • Joint interactive play
  • Demonstration task
  • Description of a picture
  • Telling a story from a book
  • Cartoons
  • Reporting a non-routine event/conversation
  • Emotions
  • Social difficulties/annoyance
  • Break
  • Friends/loneliness/marriage
  • Creating a story

MODULE 4: for fluent adults

  • Construction task
  • Telling a story from a book
  • Description of a picture
  • Demonstration task
  • Cartoons
  • Creating a story
  • Conversation
  • Current work/school
  • Social difficulties/annoyance
  • Break
  • Emotions
  • Daily living
  • Friends/marriage
  • Loneliness
  • Plans and dreams


Each module presents numerous opportunities for the individual being assessed to exhibit behaviours of interest in the diagnosis of ASDs through standard ‘presses’ for communication and social interaction.

Notes are taken during the administration of the module. Overall ratings are completed immediately after administration, even if the session is taped. These ratings can then be used to formulate a diagnosis through the use of a diagnostic algorithm which is provided for each module.

Related Products
Authors: Catherine Lord, PhD, Michael Rutter, MD, FRS, Pamela C. DiLavore, PhD & Susan Risi, PhD.
Duration: 35 to 40 minutes.
Languages: English
Suitable For: Toddlers to adults.
Used For: Accurate assessment and diagnosis of autism and pervasive development disorder across ages, developmental levels and language skills.
Qualification Levels: Level 3
Glossary of terms Full specification

Reliability

Inter-rater reliabilities at item level

 Module

 Mean % Exact Agreement for all items Range of % Exact Agreement Kappa (Cohen's kappa is generally thought to be a more robust measure than simple percent agreement calculation since κ takes into account the agreement occurring by chance.)
1

91.5

80 - 100

 All but two items showed inter-rater reliabilities of 0.60 or greater. Two items had reliabilities of 0.55 and 0.57
2

89

78 - 98

 15 of 26 Kappas exceeded .60, 7 more exceeded .50, the other 4 ranged from .38 to .49
3

88.2

77 - 100

 17 items showed kappas of 0.60 or better. The rest ranged from .46 to .54
4

88.5

80 - 100

 Kappas exceeded 0.6 for 22 items with the remainder at .50 or higher except two items which were .41 and .48

 
• Intraclass correlations were computed across pairs of raters for each module separately. The range of reliabilities was:
- Social Interaction .88 to .97
- Communication .74 to.90
- Communication-Social Interaction total .84 to.98
- Stereotyped Behaviours and Restricted Interests .75 to .90

• Intraclass correlations were computed across pairs of raters for the four modules combined. The range of reliabilities was .82 to .93

• Interrater agreement in diagnostic classification for autism vs. non-spectrum comparisons was 100% for modules 1 and 3, 91% for module 2 and 90% for module 4.

• Test-retest reliabilities (N=27) with an average interval of 9 months and administration by two different assessors were:
- Social Interaction .78
- Communication .73
- Communication-Social Interaction total .82
- Stereotyped Behaviours and Restricted Interests .59

Validity

• Correlation matrices are available for all items for each module for each diagnostic group separately and together.
• Exploratory factor analyses were run for each module with one major factor emerging in each.
• Fixed effect analyses of variance (ANOVASs) were performed comparing verbally equivalent samples of autism and non-spectrum participants. Items that did not yield significant differences were excluded except in cases where such items might affect an observation of a particular group. Further ANOVAs were conducted to compare the three matched groups on the retained items.
• Lists of items that match diagnostic criteria in DSM-IV and ICD-10 were generated.
• Item-Total correlations have been calculated:
- between individual items,
- between domain scores,
- between each item and the domain score to which it contributes,
- between each item and chronological age, verbal mental age or Verbal IQ.
• Internal consistencies, assessed using Cronbach’s alpha show the following ranges:
- Social Interaction .86 to .91 (for all modules)
- Communication .74 to .84 (for all modules)
- Stereotyped Behaviours and Restricted Interests .47 to .56 (modules 3 and 4), .63 to.65 (modules 1 and 2)
- Stereotyped Behaviours and Restricted Interests .91 to .94 (for all modules).
• ROC have been to provide information about where to set cut-offs.

Availability: In stock

Available Products
Code Product Name Price Pack Qty
5580002 ADOS Manual
£62.00
1 - +
5580005 ADOS Observation Coding Booklet - Module 1 (Pre-Verbal Single Words)
£44.00
10 - +
5580006 ADOS Observation Coding Booklet - Module 2 (Phrased Speech not Fluent)
£44.00
10 - +
5580007 ADOS Observation Coding Booklet - Module 3 (Fluent Speech for Children)
£44.00
10 - +
5580008 ADOS Observation Coding Booklet - Module 4 (Fluent Speech for Adults)
£44.00
10 - +
5580003 ADOS TRAINING PACKAGE, PAL FORMAT
£838.00
1 - +
5580010 ADOS Training and Practice DVD's, PAL format, set of 3 (1,2,3) - No Consumables
£584.00
1 - +
5580011 ADOS Training Guidebook
£60.00
1 - +
5580110 ADOS/ADI-R/SCQ Unlimited Use Scoring CD
£424.00
1 - +
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